Gamma-hydroxybutyrate / Butyric Acid
ثبت نشده
چکیده
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate / butyric acid, ambiguously called GHB, presents some unique challenges for analysis due in part to its acidity, high polarity, and high solubility in aqueous solution. Its chemistry is complicated by its conversion into the corresponding lactone compound, where the GHB molecule condenses to form a cyclic ester with a five-membered ring. This compound, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), is particularly stable among the family of lactones (Streitwieser and Heathcock, 1976), and exists in equilibrium with GHB in aqueous solution:
منابع مشابه
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency : Three Sibling in A Family ( Case Report )
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase enzyme (SSADH) deficiency is a rare autosomal disorder involving the catabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). In the absence of SSADH, GABA is converted to 4-hydroxybutyrate. 4-hydroxybutyrate, which is regarded as a biochemical hallmark, accumulating in serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. We reported three brothers whose parents were...
متن کاملCyclic nature of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus.
The cyclic process of biosynthesis and degradation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) was studied in Alcaligenes eutrophus under conditions of nitrogen-limitation of growth. A. eutrophus cells, which had accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) of 55 wt% content within cells from butyric acid, were transferred into a nitrogen-free medium containing pentanoic acid as the sole carbon source and c...
متن کاملgamma-Hydroxybutyrate modulates synthesis and extracellular concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in discrete rat brain regions in vivo.
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate possesses most of the properties of a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that acts via specific pathways and receptors in brain. Beside its regulatory effects on dopaminergic transmission, gamma-hydroxybutyrate was thought for many years to interfere with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic processes in the brain. The present study demonstrates that in the rat frontal cortex ...
متن کاملGABAB receptor activation exacerbates spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges in DBA/2J mice
Rich evidence has highlighted that stimulation of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)(B) receptors increases the occurrence of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs), the electroencephalographic (EEG) landmark of absence epilepsy (AE). Recent findings suggest that the outcomes of GABA(B) activation in vivo are contingent on the chemical characteristics of the agonist. In particular, the endogenous ligand...
متن کامل"In vitro" MRI findings of an agent can be used in the imaging of GABA receptors and similar agent's future projections.
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to analyze magnetic resonance imaging findings of gamma-amino butyric acid and gamma deuteroxy sodium butyrate and to evaluate possible "in vitro" and "in vivo" areas of use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials used included gamma-amino butyric acid and gamma deuteroxy sodium butyrate which is formed by the replacement of the deuteroxy group. An amino group in...
متن کامل